The History of Grinder(1-grinding mill)

The History of Grinder(1-grinding mill)
The grinder(grinding mill) is a machine tool that use abrasive carried out grinding on the work piece surface.
Most of the grinders use high-speed rotation wheel for grinding,  a small  use oilstone, belt, other abrasive and free abrasive free for grinding, such as honing machines, superfinisher, abrasive belt grinder, grinder and polisher And so on.
Grinder can process the higher hardness materials, such as hardened steel, carbide and so on; also process brittle materials such as glass, granite. Grinder can carry out High-precision grinding and a small surface roughness grinding , also carry out high-efficiency grinding, such as strong grinding.
 The 30s in the eighteenth century, in order to adapt to processing of hardened parts such as watches, bicycles, sewing machines , Britain, Germany and the United States developed grinder which use natural abrasive wheel. At that time, grinder is restructured to instal grinding head in the off-the-shelf tools such as lathes, planer . restructuring, the structure simple, low rigidity, when carry out grinding easy to have vibration, require workers to have a very high degree of skill for precision work piece
1876 Paris Expo exhibition in the United States Brown - Sharp-made universal cylindrical grinder, grinding machine for the first time with the basic characteristics of modern machinery. Its work piece and install Tailstock moving back and forth in the table, bed box increased the rigidity of machine tools and grinding(grinding mill) with a round in the annex. In 1883, the company made from grinding head mounted on a column, moving back and forth for the table surface grinder.
Before and after 1900, the development of man-made abrasive and application of the hydraulic transmission, play a great role in promoting the development of the grinder. With the modern industry in particular Automotive Industry, a variety of different types of grinders have come out in succession. For example, in the early 20th century, has developed planet-cylinder grinder(grinding mill) with Cylinder-processing, crankshaft grinder, camshaft grinder and piston ring grinding machine with electromagnetic sucker and so on.
 Automatic measuring device at the beginning of 1908 applied to the grinder. By around 1920, Grinder, double-face grinding machine, roll grinding machine, rail grinding machine, honing and super-finishing machine, and so on have been made use of; the 50s high-precision cylindrical grinding machine which carry out mirror grinding. come out; at the end of 60's there have been wheel-line speed of 60 to 80 m / s high-speed grinder and cut deep, creep feed grinding surface grinder ; 70 years, the digital microprocessor control and adaptive control technology have been a wide range of applications in the grinding machine.
the precision grinder with mirror grinding
 With the the number of high precision and high hardness mechanical parts increase, as well as the development of precision casting and precision forging process, grinding performance, variety and output are continuing to improve and grow.
 Grinder is most varieties of a class in all types of metal-cutting machine tools ,the main types have Cylindrical Grinder, internal grinder, surface grinder, centerless grinder, tool grinder so on.
Cylindrical Grinder is the most widely used and can process a variety of cylindrical and conical outer surfaces and shoulder end. Universal Cylindrical Grinder with internal grinding attachment may be grinding inner hole and internal and external cone with larger taper. However Cylindrical Grinder's lower degree of automation, applied only to small and medium-sized single batch production and repair work.
wheel spindle of internal grinder with a high speed, may be grinding cylinder, cone-shaped hole surface. General internal grinder only for a single, small-batch production. Automatic and semi-automatic internal grinder in addition to the work cycle automatically, can also be processed automatically measuring, for most of the volume of production.
The Work piece of Surface Grinder generally clamp in the table, or by electromagnetic fixed in the electromagnetic suction table, and then use the wheel around or the grinder with face grinding plane workpiece; Centerless grinder usually is heartless cylindrical grinder, that do not have to work Chuck or top-centering to support, and work to be cylindrical grinding surface for positioning face, the workpiece is located between the wheel and guide wheel, supported by the pallets, the grinder of higher productivity, easy-to-automatic, use in mass production in.
Large-scale crankshaft grinder
 Tool grinder is grinder dedicated to grinding tool manufacturing and tool grindering, a universal tool grinder, drill blade grinder, grinding blades and curve tool grinder, grinding machine tools, are used for tool shop of tools factory and machinery manufacturing factory
Abrasive belt grinder is based on the rapid movement of the belt as the abrasive, workpiece supported by conveyor belt, efficient than other high-grinding machine several times, power consumption is only a fraction of other grinding machine, mainly used for processing large-size sheet metal, heat Processing hard materials and mass production of flat parts, and so on.
 Specialized grinding machine is grinding a specialized parts, such as the crankshaft, camshaft, the spline shaft, rail, leaves, bearing race and thread and gear, and so on. In addition to these categories, there are honing machines, grinder, jigboring grinder, steel billet grinder, and other types.

The Basis of Grinder(grinding mill)
  The structure of surface grinder and grinding movement
  However, many different types of grinder, such as surface grinder, cylindrical grinder, internal grinder, universal cylindrical grinder, can grind hole; the gear grinder, screw grinder , rail grinder, centerless grinder ,can grind excircle ,and the tool grinder grinding tool . Surface Grinder here and its movement.
   1. surface grinder to the structure of the M7 as an example, in which case, in which: M - grinder-type machine; 71 - lying flat desktop moment axis grinding machine; 20 - work table width of 200mm; A - for the first time a major improvement. )
     1) wheel frame - the installation of wheels and wheel drive for high-speed rotation, the wheel frame can slide along the rail for the swallow-tailed manual or hydraulic movement of the horizontal space.
     2) slide - the installation of aircraft wheel and wheel drive along the plane up and down for column rail Movement.
     3) column - supporting aircraft wheel and slide.
     4) platform - the installation work by the hydraulic drive system for reciprocating linear motion.
     5) bed - supporting table, the installation of other components.
     6) liquid cooling systems - to provide grinding coolant oil saponification).
     7) hydraulic drive system - composed of the following:
       1) dynamic components - pumps, hydraulic drive system pressure on the supply of oil;
       2) implementation of the components - the fuel tank, platform-led campaign, and other components;
       3) control components - for a variety of valves, pressure control, speed, direction, and so on;
       4) auxiliary components - such as tanks, pressure gauge, and so on.
     Hydraulic and mechanical transmission, compared with a smooth drive, can overload protection, you can achieve a greater scope of the stepless speed advantages.
   2. Plane grinding campaign
     1) The main sports - high-speed wheel rotation.
     2) Feed Campaign
       1) vertical feed - table driven in a straight line back and forth movement of the workpiece;
       2) vertical feed - wheel to the direction of the depth of the movement of the workpiece;
       3) horizontal feed - its wheels along the axis of movement space.
    Grinding characteristics:
   Grinding(grinding mill) is a cutting method that use grinding wheel as a cutting tool on the workpiece for grinding in the grinder. The method is characterized by:
     1) As the abrasive wheel itself has a higher degree of hardness and heat resistance, the grinding process can be very high hardness of the material, such as hardened steel, carbide, and so on.
     2) and wheel grinding machine features a grinding process decided to make a uniform system of micro-cutting, general ap = 0.001 ~ 0.005mm; high speed grinding, usually ranging from v = 30 ~ 50m / s; stiffness good grinder; using liquid Pressure transmission, so the economy grinding to obtain high-precision processing IT6 ~ IT5) and small surface roughness of Ra = 0.8 ~ 0.2μm). Grinding parts is finishing one of the main methods.
3) as a result of intense friction, by grinding high temperature zone. This would have resulted in job stress and deformation or even burn the surface of the workpiece. Therefore, when injected into a large number of grinding coolant to reduce the grinding temperature. Coolant can also play the role of Chip and lubrication.
     4) when the grinding of a large radial force. This will cause machine - wheel - a flexible work system to give way so that the actual depth of cut is less than the name of the deep cut. Therefore, grinding to be completed should not feed mill for light to eliminate errors.
     5) blunt abrasive grinding, grinding force also increased, resulting in debris or broken off, re-exposed sharp edge, this characteristic is called "sexual Rui." Since the sharp grinding to make a certain period of time to carry out normal, but more than a certain time, the manual should be repaired so as not to increase the grinding force caused by vibration, noise and damage the workpiece surface quality.
     Wheel
     Grinding (grinding mill) wheel is the cutting tool of many small, hard abrasive and sticky binder from the porous objects. Abrasive directly responsible for cutting the work must be sharp and have high hardness, patience and a certain toughness. There are commonly used aluminum oxide, also known as abrasive corundum) and two types of silicon carbide. Type of high-alumina abrasive hardness, toughness, and for grinding steel. Type of silicon carbide abrasive hardness higher and more sharp, good thermal conductivity, but more Brittle, for grinding and cast iron carbide.
     Similarly, the abrasive wheel, because of its size, processing after the workpiece surface roughness and processing efficiency is not the same as for coarse grinding of the coarse abrasive, abrasive small for fine grinding, abrasive, the more rough, the smaller size, .
     Binder from bonded abrasives. Ceramics are commonly used binders, followed by resin binder.
     Binder finish, the impact of the wheel corrosion resistance, strength, heat resistance and toughness, and so on.
     More firmly bond abrasive, the more it is not easy from a wheel fell off, the hardness of the wheel, said that the wheel is the hardness of the surface of the abrasive wheel in the external force under the ease off. Off easily as the software and hardware called the contrary. Wheel hardness and abrasive hardness are two different concepts. Grinding the surface of the workpiece to be soft, abrasive edge of the edges and corners) is not easy to wear, so that the use of abrasive can be a longer period of time, that is optional bonding of the wheel more firmly higher hardness wheel). On the other hand, the hardness of low grinding wheel for the high hardness of workpiece.
  Wheel in the high-speed conditions, in order to ensure the safety of the installation before the inspection, there should be no defects such as cracks; order for the smooth work of the grinding wheel, the use of pre-balancing test should be carried out.
     Wheel work after a certain period of time, and its surface space debris would be blocked, the acute angle of abrasive grinding will be blunt, the original geometry of the distortion would be. Must be repaired to restore cutting ability and the correct geometry. Diamond grinding wheel required pen and carry out rectification.

grinding mill machine for industrial.
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The History of Grinder(1-grinding mill)